Assessment of Motor Skills in Children With Visual Impairment: A Systematic and Integrative Review.

This study aimed to review and examine the tools used to assess psychomotor performance of children with visual impairment. Databases, such as SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Medline/EBSCO, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect, were searched using Mesh terms. Data from manuscripts fully available in these databases between 1994 and 2017 (except CINAHL-2014) concerning the evaluation, tool development, or intervention for the improvement of motor skills in children (age, 7-10 years) with visual impairment were collected. The Critical Review Form-Quantitative Studies was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. As a result, 1113 articles were found, but only 24 met the inclusion criteria; 66.7% of the articles had moderate quality, with unsatisfactory results regarding the validity and reliability of the tools used to assess these children, as well as the absence of clinical importance and practical application in such studies. Only the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 described data on the validation and reliability in visually impaired children. To minimize systematic errors and improve the quality of the investigations, increasing the number of studies regarding the tools, functionality of their activities, and testing the adaptions is necessary.

Study of the multidimensionality of the mabc-2 (7 to 10 years old) in children from the metropolitan region of recife-pe / Estudo da multidimensionalidade do mabc-2 (7 a 10 anos) em crianças da região metropolitana de recife-pe

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the multidimensionality of the MABC-2 (7 to 10 years old) in children from Recife (PE). A total of 123 children (7 to 10 years old) from the metropolitan region of Recife (PE) were assessed, including 64 boys and 59 girls. The data were tested for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the adequacy of factor analysis (FA) was evaluated using the KMO measure of sampling adequacy, Bartlett's sphericity test and individual measures of sampling adequacy (MSA). The main extraction method was principal axis factoring (varimax rotation). The number of factors was determined by parallel analysis (Monte Carlo simulation). The subtests showed low correlations between each other, with unsatisfactory individual measures in two of the subtests. Parallel analysis identified two factors that diverged from the MABC-2 grouping and subtests without significant loadings within factors. The exclusion of three subtests resulted in a better adjusted model. Although multidimensionality was confirmed, the structure diverged from that proposed by the authors, with problems in the correlation of the variables, in the number of factors extracted, and in the grouping of subtests. The exclusion of three subtests (MD3, AC2, and B3) resulted in a better fit of the model.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi de analisar a multidimensionalidade do MABC-2 (7 a 10 anos) em crianças de Recife (PE). Foram avaliadas 123 crianças (7 a 10 anos) da região metropolitana de Recife (PE), sendo 64 do sexo masculino e 59 do feminino. Os dados foram avaliados quanto à normalidade com o teste de Kolmogorov-Sminov e à adequacidade da realização da Análise Fatorial (AF) com os testes de adequacidade da amostra de KMO e as medidas individuais e de Esfericidade de Bartlett. O método de extração foi principal axis factoring (rotação Varimax), com aplicação da Parallel Analysis (Monte Carlo Simulation) para determinar o número de fatores. Os subtestes apresentaram baixa correlação entre si, com medidas individuais insatisfatórias em dois dos subtestes. A Parallel Analysis identificou a presença de dois fatores, com agrupamento diferente do MABC-2 e com subtestes sem cargas fatoriais significativas nos fatores. A exclusão de três subtestes resultou em um modelo melhor ajustado. Apesar de confirmada a multidimensionalidade, esta divergiu daquela proposta pelos autores, com problemas nas correlações das variáveis, extração no número de fatores, assim como no agrupamento dos subtestes. A exclusão de três subtestes (DM3, AR2 e EQ 3) revelou um modelo mais ajustado.

Adaptation of the MABC-2 Test (Age Band 2) for children with low vision.

BACKGROUND: The tools used to assess motor performance in children with low vision often have no validity and reliability data concerning this population and use non-standardized modifications. Adaptations of these tools could help to identify motor problems and mitigate their effects. AIM: To assess aspects of validity and reliability in an adaptation of the Movement ABC-2 Test (MABC-2) for children with low vision. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The research was undertaken in two stages: 1) application of the original MABC-2 to 10 children with low vision, adaptation and pilot test; 2) administration and re-administration of the adapted MABC-2 in 30 children with low vision. Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability were assessed with an intraclass correlation coefficient and Kappa index; internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Substantial to almost perfect inter-rater reliability was found between the component standard scores and a reasonable to excellent concordance rate in the classification of movement difficulty. The adapted tool has moderate internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The adapted MABC-2 Test has improved the assessment of motor performance in children with low vision.

Riscos biomecânicos posturais em trabalhadores de uma serraria / Biomechanical risks in sawmill workers postures

Os trabalhadores em serrarias estão sujeitos a riscos biomecânicos advindos das posturas adotadas durante suas atividades laborais. Este trabalho visou avaliar as posturas adotadas por esses trabalhadores por meio do método de avaliação rápida do corpo inteiro (REBA, rapid entire body assessment), buscando detectar e classificar os riscos biomecânicos. Participaram 15 trabalhadores do setor de produção de uma serraria em João Pessoa, PB, do sexo masculino, com idade média de 44±10,9), avaliando-se quatro posturas: flexão anterior do tronco com levantamento de carga, agachamento profundo, flexão ântero-lateral do tronco e corpo estendido para mover uma prensa. Sintomas musculoesqueléticos foram identificados no mapa corporal de Corlett. Um questionário semi-estruturado levantou os dados demográficos, ambientais e as funções executadas. Pelo REBA, a flexão anterior de tronco apresentou nível de risco muito alto e as posturas de agachamento profundo, flexão ântero-lateral do tronco e movimento do corpo em extensão, nível de risco alto. Uma alta proporção (73,3%) deles queixaram-se de dor ou desconforto na coluna e 26,8% na região dos ombros. Considerando os níveis de riscos apresentados, requerem-se intervenções ergonômicas preventivas no posto de trabalho para adoção de posturas que melhor propiciem a execução das atividades com menor risco à saúde do trabalhador...

Workers in sawmills are exposed to biomechanical risks due to the postures adopted during their activities. The purpose here was to assess postures adopted by these workers by using the rapid entire body assessment (REBA), in order to detect and classify possible biomechanical risks. Fifteen male workers from the production section of a sawmill in João Pessoa, PB (mean age 44±10.9 years old) were assessed as to the postures adopted at work. A semi-structured questionnaire collected demographic and environmental data as well as functions in the workplace. Musculoskeletal symptoms were identified using Corlett’s body map. Four postures were evaluated: anterior trunk flexion with weight lifting, deep crouching, anterior trunk flexion with lateral inclination and extended body to move a press. The REBA method showed a very high risk level for the anterior trunk flexion; the other postures – deep crouching, anterior trunk flexion with lateral inclination, and extended body to move a press – were shown to bear a high risk level...